The Bald Eagle Defies Extinction
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The Return of the Bald Eagle
After many years believing that the bald eagle wasn't far from extinction, this iconic American symbol has made a historic comeback. In 1940 the bald eagle was declared to be endangered, and to protect it from hunters the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection act was passed. Another danger to the bird was the spread of DDT, which continued to kill eagles even after the hunters stopped. The bald eagle's numbers were down to only 417 pairs in the U.S. in 1963, and the species was put on the endangered species list in 1973.Far from being extinct, the treasured symbol of American freedom has made a dramatic turnaround from the road to extinction. The more than 9,000 breeding pairs that exist today have made experts drop the species from the list of endangered species. The birds will not be abandoned by wildlife experts, however. Over the next five years or so, the number of bald eagles will be closely monitored. The monitoring will enable the research community to be aware of any changes in numbers, and for inclusion into the endangered species list if necessary.
The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act will continue to protect the bald eagle even as it stays off the endangered species list. The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 has offers still more protection to the bald eagle. Migratory birds could not be hunted or traded in the U.S. because of the act, but that protection also extended into other countries. Buying and selling the eggs, feathers or nests of bald eagles are all made illegal under the act, keeping the birds safe from those who would hunt them for profit in Canada and Mexico as well as the U.S.
Bald eagles have further benefited from the DDT ban of 1972. The toxic chemical penetrated the entire food chain, resulting in the deaths of eagles as well as many other bird species. This pesticide spread from fields to waterways and then to eagles. Eagles then caught the contaminated fish living in these waters. DDT kept bald eagles from being able to create eggshells with enough calcium to keep them strong enough to support the embryos. The reproduction of the species was severely hampered when eagles accidentally cracked their eggs while caring for them. With the threat of DDT over, bald eagles have the opportunity to reproduce and keep their numbers growing.
Bald Eagle Facts
-Once a common sight in much of the continent, the Bald Eagle was severely affected in the mid-twentieth century by a variety of factors, among them thinning of egg shells, attributed to the use of the pesticide DDT.
-The Bald Eagle is the national bird of the United States of America.
- Males and females are identical in plumage coloration, but females are 25 percent larger than males, displaying sexual dimorphism.
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